Peng, Jiyun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-131X
Wang, Gongwu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-1846
Han, Yingying
Qu, Lili
Wang, Min
Arnsten, Amy F. T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-1308
Cai, Jingxia
Li, Baoming https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1554-9700
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2021ZD0201705)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32060199, 32360197)
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20224ACB206016)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20080440581)
Article History
Received: 8 October 2024
Revised: 6 July 2025
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All experimental procedures were performed in accordance with the Use and Care of Laboratory Animals Guidelines issued by the Chinese government and the US National Institute of Health Guidelines for Use and Care of Laboratory Animals . The experimental procedures with rats were approved by the Ethical Committee of Animal Experiments at Fudan University (20080930R) and Nanchang University (2019-0301M). The electrophysiological experimental protocols with monkeys were approved by the Yale University IACUC (2021-07638) and the behavioral experimental protocols with monkeys by the Laboratory Animal Supervision Committee of Yunnan, China (2008-1010M). This study did not involve human participants.