Kusuma, Reni Merta https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-4759
Lesmana, Mohammad Hendra Setia
Amelia, Vivi Leona
Ansar, Muhamad
Wiratama, Bayu Satria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9965-778X
Muhtar, Muhammad Solihuddin
Chung, Min-Huey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-5913
Funding for this research was provided by:
Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan
Article History
Received: 1 March 2024
Revised: 14 July 2025
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.