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Authors
Ge, Shunnan
Wang, Xuelian
Chen, Lei
Li, Nan
Li, Yang
Cai, Yaning
Wang, Xin
Li, Wan
Su, Mingming
Zheng, Zhaohui
Li, Jiaming
Wang, Xin
Qiu, Chun
Wang, Jing
Liu, Tian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8944-6305
Qu, Yan
Gao, Guodong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6404-1897
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Article History
Received: 18 September 2024
Revised: 27 July 2025
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 17 October 2025
Competing interests
: Chen L worked in and received payments from Suzhou Sceneray Co. Ltd. after completing the research work in this trial and graduating from Tangdu Hospital. Owing to the purely academic collaboration, Suzhou Sceneray Co. Ltd. was committed to promoting innovations in DBS treatment for refractory psychiatric disorders and provided only a free DBS apparatus for some patients and instructions for the usage of the apparatus. They were not involved in the study design and implementation, patient care and surgery, or data analysis and interpretation, which were all conducted independently by researchers. All the other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
