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Authors
Huang, Like https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1061-0349
Huang, Runqi
Sui, Guanghui
Du, Wenchong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5115-7214
Zhou, Li
Luo, Qiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0426-6039
Ren, Tai
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82125032, 81930095, 81761128035, and 82204048, 82204048)
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (23Y21900500, 19410713500, and 2018SHZDZX01)
Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (GWV-11.1–34, 2020CXJQ01, and 2018YJRC03)
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Article History
Received: 21 September 2024
Revised: 25 August 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 10 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All procedures involving human subjects were approved by a central Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the University of California, San Diego (IRB approval number 160091), and in some cases by individual site IRBs (e.g., Washington University in St. Louis) (). Written informed consent was obtained from all parents or guardians.
