Ebrahimi, Claudia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3119-9318
Musial, Milena P. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8365-5111
Doñamayor, Nuria
Prychynenko, Diana S.
Bode, Erik L. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6138-8040
Spanagel, Rainer https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2151-4521
Heinz, Andreas
Deserno, Lorenz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7392-5280
Smolka, Michael N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5398-5569
Ebner-Priemer, Ulrich https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-5944
Kliegl, Reinhold https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0180-8488
Endrass, Tanja https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-8803
Reichert, Markus https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3290-0962
Rapp, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0106-966X
Schlagenhauf, Florian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8340-5027
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (421174179, 402170461, 402170461, 402170461, 402170461; 178833530, 402170461, 402170461; 178833530; EN906/8-1, 402170461, 402170461, 402170461; 450226276)
Article History
Received: 26 July 2024
Revised: 25 August 2025
Accepted: 2 October 2025
First Online: 20 October 2025
Competing interests
: CE, MPMM, ND, DSP, ELB, RS, AH, LS, MNS, UEP, RK, TE, M Reichert, M Rapp and FS reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.
: Study procedures were approved by the ethics committees at Technical University Dresden (EK 511122018) and at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (EA2/028/19). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations and participants received a monetary compensation for their participation.