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Authors
Chen, Yiwei
Li, Mingyang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1639-9891
Zhao, Zhiyong
Xu, Xinyi
Chen, Ruike
Zhao, Ruoke
Zhang, Yuqi
Wang, Guanghai
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2018YFE0114600, 2021ZD0200202)
Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (202006140, 2022C03057)
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Article History
Received: 11 October 2024
Revised: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 2 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The data used in this study were sourced from publicly accessible databases, and thus no additional ethical approval was required. All the original studies related to the databases had already obtained the necessary ethical approvals and participants’ consents prior to the investigations. The ABCD Study was approved by a central Institutional Review Board at the University of California, San Diego and each site also obtained approval from their respective Institutional Review Boards. Parents or guardians provided written informed consent, and children provided assent. The ADHD-200 dataset is in accordance with HIPAA guidelines and the 1000 Functional Connectomes Project protocols. All datasets are anonymous, with no protected health information included.
