Moses Lee, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0531-102X
Kist, Audrey https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6428-6616
Alvarez, John
Sellers, Kristin K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-2296
Khambhati, Ankit N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6182-4677
Sugrue, Leo P.
Reid, Lee B.
Kadlec, Kelly
Ray, Sneha
Fan, Joline M.
Allawala, Anusha B.
Racine, Caroline A.
Norbu, Tenzin
Astudillo, Dani
Tremblay-McGaw, Alexandra G.
Becker, Natalie
Verhein, Jessica
Alhourani, Ahmad
Starr, Philip A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2733-4003
Chang, Edward F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2480-4700
Krystal, Andrew D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-781X
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH125018, R21MH130914, R25MH06048)
Article History
Received: 11 August 2025
Revised: 10 September 2025
Accepted: 7 October 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Competing interests
: ADK reported receiving grants from Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Axsome Pharmaceutics, Attune, Eisai, Harmony, Neurocrine Biosciences, Reveal Biosensors, The Ray and Dagmar Dolby Family Fund, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, and the National Institutes of Health; advisory board/consulting fees from Axsome Therapeutics, AbbVie, Big Health, Eisai, Evecxia, Harmony Biosciences, Idorsia, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Neurocrine Biosciences, Neurawell, Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Sage, Takeda; and stock options from Neurawell and Big Health outside the submitted work. PAS is a consultant for InBrain Neuroelectronics, Inc and receives educational grant support for fellowship training from Boston Scientific and Medtronic. PAS is also on the Data Safety Monitoring Board for Neuralink and is compensated for time spent. The other authors have no other competing interests to declare.