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Authors
Li, Xin-Yu
Qiu, Di
Du, Ni
Hashimoto, Kenji https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8892-0439
Wang, Xing-Ming
Yang, Jian-Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6785-9627
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82171189)
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Article History
Received: 27 June 2025
Revised: 14 September 2025
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Competing interests
: Dr. Hashimoto is the inventor of filed patent applications on “The use of R -Ketamine in the treatment of psychiatric diseases”, “( S )-norketamine and salt thereof as pharmaceutical”, “ R -Ketamine and derivative thereof as prophylactic or therapeutic agent for neurodegeneration disease or recognition function disorder”, “Preventive or therapeutic agent and pharmaceutical composition for inflammatory diseases or bone diseases”, “ R -Ketamine and its derivatives as a preventive or therapeutic agent for a neurodevelopmental disorder”, and “Preventive or therapeutic agent and pharmaceutical composition for inflammatory diseases” by the Chiba University. Dr. K. Hashimoto has also received research support from Otsuka (Japan). Other authors declare no conflict of interest.
: This trial was approved by the Institutional Scientific Research and Clinical Trials Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (2023-KY-1213). The study protocol was thoroughly explained to patients in advance, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The trial was registered prior to patient enrollment in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2400079641).
