Boyle, Chloe C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3905-6215
Cho, Joshua H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-8500
Eisenberger, Naomi I.
Olmstead, Richard
Sadeghi, Nina
Castillo, Daisy
Irwin, Michael R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1502-8431
Funding for this research was provided by:
Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (30182)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (AG051944 04S1)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (1K01AG072049-01A1)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (AG051944 04S1)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (AG051944-03)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (AG051944 04S1)
Article History
Received: 22 December 2024
Revised: 23 October 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The study was approved by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Institutional Review Board (IRB approval number: 16-000583). All participants provided written informed consent.