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Authors
Schiweck, Carmen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4215-0448
Aichholzer, Mareike https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1291-3304
Brandt, Emily
Schneider, Moritz
Meyer, Konrad
Hamzehloiya, Tirage
Qubad, Mishal
Uckermark, Carmen
Jacobsen, Leona
Amaral, Kevin
Auer, Joyce
Bruno, Gianluca
Zhao, Tong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9292-5286
Bouzouina, Aicha
Schillo, Susanne
Hanssen, Ruth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-9302
Hahn, Tim
Repple, Jonathan
Matura, Silke https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7666-9534
Kingslake, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1741-1802
Reif, Andreas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0992-634X
Edwin Thanarajah, Sharmili https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3608-1474
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Article History
Received: 6 May 2025
Revised: 29 October 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 6 December 2025
Competing interests
: CS and SET received intramural funding (Fokus Grant A|B) to investigate Vagus nerve stimulation. SET was funded by the Else-Kröner Frisenius Stiftung (2021.EKMS_04), the Leistungszentrum Innovative Therapeutics (TheraNova) funded by the Fraunhofer Society and the Hessian Ministry of Science and Art and the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF, Federal Ministry of Education)- 01EO2102 INITIALISE Advanced Clinician Scientist Program and the REISS Foundation. MQ received speaker fees from Recordati Pharma and Otsuka Pharma GmbH. MA was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) 493624332 INDEEP Clinician Scientist Program. MA received honoraria for scientific advice and travel funds from Janssen and speaker honoraria from UCB Pharma. AR has received honoraria from and/or serves on advisory boards for Medice, Shire/Takeda, SAGE/Biogen, Janssen, Boehringer Ingelheim and cyclerion. SS has received travel grants from Janssen pharmaceutics. EB, MS, KM, TH, CU, LJ, KA, JA, GB, TZ, AB, RH, TH, JR, JK have declared no COI relevant to this manuscript.
