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Authors
Xia, Luyao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4915-3377
Wu, Nan
Wang, Dongmei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9230-7530
Zhou, Huixia
Zhang, Xiang Yang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3326-382X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82401809)
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Article History
Received: 4 June 2025
Revised: 24 October 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study used publicly available data from the REST-meta-MDD project. According to the project’s specifications, all participating sites obtained ethical approval from their respective institutional review committees, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. No additional ethical approval was required for the secondary analysis of the anonymized data, and all methodologies were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
: The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.
