Carter Leno, Virginia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7455-5514
Begum-Ali, Jannath
Goodwin, Amy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2585-8452
Mason, Luke
Pasco, Greg
Narvekar, Nisha
Pickles, Andrew
Charman, Tony https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549
Johnson, Mark H.
Jones, Emily J. H.
,
Agyapong, Mary
Bazelmans, Tessel
Dafner, Leila
Ersoy, Mutluhan
Fish, Laurel
Gliga, Teodora
Haartsen, Rianne
Hendry, Alexandra
Holman, Rebecca
Kalwarowsky, Sarah
Kolesnik, Anna
Pirazzoli, Laura
Taylor, Chloƫ
Funding for this research was provided by:
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/K021389/1)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/K021389/1)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/K021389/1)
Innovative Medicines Initiative (777394)
Innovative Medicines Initiative (115300)
Innovative Medicines Initiative (777394)
Innovative Medicines Initiative (115300)
Innovative Medicines Initiative (777394)
Innovative Medicines Initiative (777394)
Wellcome Trust (213608/Z/18/Z)
DH | National Institute for Health Research (NF-SI-0617-10168)
DH | National Institute for Health Research (IS-BRC-1215-20018)
Article History
Received: 19 January 2024
Revised: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Competing interests
: Prof. Charman has served as a paid consultant to F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd and Servier. He has received royalties from Sage Publications and Guildford Publications. Prof Pickles receives royalties from the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). All other authors have declared that they have no competing or potential conflicts of interest.