Heredia-Negrón, Frances https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-6741
Nagamatsu, Sheila T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-5094
Carrasquillo-Carrion, Kelvin
Hurd, Yasmin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0808-2832
Rompala, Gregory
Melín, Kyle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-8021
Garcia-Vassallo, Gabriela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1095-7493
Roche-Lima, Abiel
Montalvo-Ortiz, Janitza L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-8365
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (DP1DA058737)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA050160)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (1IK2CX002095-01A1)
Article History
Received: 5 August 2024
Revised: 3 November 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Yale University School of Medicine (2000025509). The National Center of PTSD Brain Bank operates under protocols by the VA Connecticut Healthcare System Institutional Review Board. Informed consent was obtained next of kin. All human postmortem brain samples were de-identified prior to distribution to investigators.