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Authors
Qiu, Shizheng
Zhang, Zhishuai
Liang, Haozheng
Guo, Jirui
You, Huanyu
Hu, Yang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4508-5365
Liu, Jingjing
Wang, Yadong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0673-8503
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Article History
Received: 1 July 2025
Revised: 19 November 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 12 January 2026
Change Date: 23 January 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The Acknowledgements section contained incorrect funding information and has been corrected.
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. This research consisted of secondary data analysis using existing published datasets and public resources. Each contributing study involving humans was approved by the relevant ethics committees and informed consent was obtained from all participants for the primary studies. UK Biobank has approval from the North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee (MREC) as a Research Tissue Bank (RTB) approval. This approval means that researchers do not require separate ethical clearance and can operate under the RTB approval. No live vertebrates were involved in this research.
