Liu, Zhaoming https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8585-3472
Wu, Caixia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1303-3712
Li, Xianjie
Wang, Han
Majid, Muhammad
Basnet, Rajesh
Li, Zhiyuan
Article History
Received: 27 July 2025
Revised: 13 December 2025
Accepted: 20 January 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: ( 1 ) Animal Ethics declaration: All animal experiments were conducted in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of [Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences] for the project ‘ Establishment of autism models in SD rats and C57 mice and stem cell therapy ‘ (IACUC: No. 2023081). Final approval was granted on [November 20, 2023]. ( 2 ) Statement of Life Sciences and Medical Ethics: All procedures followed the guidelines of the National Health and Medical Research Council of China and received approval (GIBH-LMEC2024-091-01(AL)) from the Committee on Life Sciences and Medical Ethics of Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, CAS for the project [Research on the Mechanism of stem Cell Therapy in the mouse Autism Model Induced by VPA] on [August 15, 2024].