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Authors
Stella, Carol https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4905-7764
De Hoyos, Lucía https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-1591
Mora, Alberto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6306-5467
Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8538-3175
Andreu-Bernabeu, Álvaro
Costas, Javier
Gurriarán, Xaquín
Fañanas, Lourdes https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6266-7706
Bobes, Julio https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2187-4033
González-Pinto, Ana
Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto
Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier
Martorell, Lourdes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4999-2197
Vilella, Elisabet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1887-5919
Muntané, Gerard https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-8365
Sanchez-Gistau, Vanessa
Moltó, María Dolores
Rivero, Olga https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-4053
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González-Peñas, J.
Díaz-Caneja, C. M.
Costas, J.
Arrojo, Manuel
Gurriarán, X.
Andreu-Bernabeu, A.
Fañanas, L.
de la Cruz, A. R.
Arias, B.
Bobes, J.
González Pinto, A.
Crespo-Facorro, B.
Martorell, L.
Vilella, E.
Muntané, G.
Moltó, M. D.
Rivero, O.
Escartí, M. J.
David-Lluesma, Javier
Parellada, M.
Moreno, C.
Arango, C.
Arango, Celso https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-4754
González-Peñas, Javier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3850-3012
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CD20/00118)
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Article History
Received: 13 August 2024
Revised: 12 December 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Competing interests
: Dr. Arango has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion and Takeda. Dr. Díaz-Caneja has received honoraria and/or travel support to attend conferences from Angelini, Janssen, and Viatris. Dr. Crespo-Facorro has received honoraria (advisory board and educational lectures) and travel expenses from Takeda, Menarini, Angelini, Teva, Otsuka, Lundbeck and Johnson & Johnson. He has also received unrestricted research grants from Lundbeck. Xaquín Gurriarán has received a grant from Fundación Instituto Roche. The rest of the authors do not report any conflicts of interest related to this work.
: Recruitment of the CIBERSAM consortium sample was performed in 8 different Spanish hospitals, details can be found at . Informed consent signed by each participating subject or legal guardian and approval from the corresponding Research Ethics Committee were obtained before starting the study. The CIBERSAM study has received approval from the following ethical committees: Comité de Ética de la Investigación con Medicamentos del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Comité Autonómico de Ética de la Investigación de Galicia, Comisión de Bioética de la Universidad de Barcelona (CBUB), Comité Ético de Investigación-OSI ARABA, Comité de Etica de la Investigación del Principado de Asturias, Comité de Etica de la Investigación con Medicamentos de Cantabria, Comité Ético de Investigación con Medicamentos del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, and Comitè d'Ètica d’Investigació Clínica de l’Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus. All methods used in this study were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines.
