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Authors
Zhu, Bohan
Li, Gaoshan
Saunders, Justin M.
Naler, Lynette B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1336-3236
Hadlock, Thomas M.
Wang, Chenlong
García-Sastre, Adolfo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6551-1827
González-Maeso, Javier https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-3204
Lu, Chang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0181-5888
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Article History
Received: 27 June 2025
Revised: 18 December 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 7 February 2026
Competing interests
: The A.G.-S. laboratory has received research support from Avimex, Dynavax, Pharmamar, 7Hills Pharma, ImmunityBio and Accurius, outside of the reported work. A.G.-S. has consulting agreements for the following companies involving cash and/or stock: Castlevax, Amovir, Vivaldi Biosciences, Contrafect, 7Hills Pharma, Avimex, Pagoda, Accurius, Esperovax, Applied Biological Laboratories, Pharmamar, CureLab Oncology, CureLab Veterinary, Synairgen, Paratus, Pfizer, Virofend and Prosetta, outside of the reported work. A.G.-S. has been an invited speaker in meeting events organized by Seqirus, Janssen, Abbott, Astrazeneca and Novavax. A.G.-S. is an inventor on patents and patent applications on the use of antivirals and vaccines for the treatment and prevention of virus infections and cancer, owned by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, outside of the reported work. J.G.-M. has received research support from Noetic Fund, Terran Biosciences, and Gonogo Solutions. All other authors declare no competing interests.
: Experiments were conducted in accordance with NIH guidelines and were approved by the Virginia Commonwealth University Animal Care and Use Committee under the reference number AD10001212.
