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Authors
Jayaprakash, Jayashankar
B. Gowda, Siddabasave Gowda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7972-9982
Gowda, Divyavani
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Yadav, Hariom
Jain, Shalini
Smith, Amanda
Kumar, Ambuj
Labyak, Corinne
Masternak, Michal
Holland, Peter J.
Agronin, Marc E.
Arikawa, Andrea Y.
White-Williams, Cynthia
Jain, Shalini
Yadav, Hariom
Hui, Shu-Ping
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Article History
Received: 29 August 2025
Revised: 19 December 2025
Accepted: 30 January 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Competing interests
: Dr. Hariom Yadav is the cofounder and chief scientific officer of Postbiotics Inc., and BiomAge Inc. He is also cofounder of MusB LLC., MusB Research LLC., and MeraBiome Inc., with Dr. Shalini Jain. However, they have no conflict of interest with respect to the work/literature reviewed and presented in this manuscript. Other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the University of South Florida (approval no. 002365), USA and the Ethics Committee of the Department of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University (approval no. 22–87), Japan. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
: All participants involved in this study provided written informed consent.
