Guo, Lining
Zhao, Jiaxuan
Qin, Qin
Chen, Yayuan
Sun, Zuhao
Zhang, Zhihui
Lei, Minghuan
Zhai, Ying
Xu, Jinglei
Cai, Wenjie
An, Qi
Wu, Yue
Wang, Haolin
Li, Fengtan
Peng, Yanmin
Liu, Mengge
Liu, Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3570-4222
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Municipal Education Commission Scientific Research Project
Article History
Received: 24 April 2025
Revised: 19 December 2025
Accepted: 1 February 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All analyses in this study were based on publicly available GWAS datasets. The UK Biobank obtained approval from the North West Multi-center Research Ethics Committee (MREC) for data and sample collection, in accordance with ethical guidelines ( ), and written informed consent was provided by all participants. The study protocols for the schizophrenia data were approved by the institutional review boards at each recruitment center. Informed consent and permission to share the data were obtained from all individuals, in compliance with the relevant guidelines of the recruiting centers’ institutional review boards. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.