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Authors
Wei, Xiaotong
Zhang, Tingting
Xiong, Ronglong
Zhang, Qiuzhu
Zhang, Junjun
Jin, Zhenlan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62571096)
Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology | Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program (2025ZNSFSC0453)
Sichuan Province Innovative Talent Funding Project for Postdoctoral Fellows
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Article History
Received: 7 August 2025
Revised: 23 December 2025
Accepted: 1 February 2026
First Online: 2 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no biomedical financial interests or conflicts of interest.
: The original studies underlying the Cam-CAN, OASIS-3, and ADNI datasets received approval from the relevant Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) or ethics committees. The Cam-CAN study was approved by the Cambridgeshire 2 Research Ethics Committee (reference: 10/H0308/50). All participants in the OASIS-3 study were consented into Knight ADRC-related projects following procedures approved by the IRB of Washington University School of Medicine. For ADNI, study procedures and consent forms were approved by the IRBs of all participating centers. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legally authorized representatives in the original studies. All datasets used in the present study were anonymized and contained no protected health information or identifiable participant images. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations and with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
