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Authors
Byrne, H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3583-2176
Visontay, R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0693-1012
Devine, E. K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8110-6445
Wade, N. E.
Jacobus, J.
Squeglia, L. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5994-6894
Mewton, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7812-296X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01AA030575)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (K24AA031052)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01AA030575)
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Article History
Received: 28 May 2025
Revised: 7 January 2026
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 14 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The data used in this study are from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, an open-source dataset available to researchers. The ABCD Study data can be accessed via the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive (NDA) at . Data sharing is subject to the terms and conditions outlined by the NDA, including registration and approval for access to the study’s datasets.
