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Authors
Jeffries, Clark D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-2649
Bizon, Chris A.
Ford, John R.
Addington, Jean https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-0756
Bearden, Carrie E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8516-923X
Cadenhead, Kristin
Cannon, Tyrone D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5632-3154
Cornblatt, Barbara
Keshavan, Matcheri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5945-888X
Mathalon, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6090-4974
Seidman, Larry
Stone, William S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-7288
Walker, Elaine F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9798-8101
Woods, Scott W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3103-5228
Perkins, Diana O. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-2206
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (5U01MH081984)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH081857)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (5U01MH081944)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (5U01MH081902)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (5U01MH076989)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (5U01MH081928)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (5U01MH081988)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (5U01MH081988)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (5U01MH082004)
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Article History
Received: 27 July 2023
Revised: 26 January 2026
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declair no competing interest.
: Approval for the NAPLS2 and NAPLS3 projects was obtained by each site by their respective named ethics committees listed below. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations, including obtaining informed consent from all study participants. For IRB details at each site, please see the table in the Supplement .
