Müller, Anna K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-0861
Luckhardt, Christina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5259-7174
Freitag, Christine M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782
Bast, Nico https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5721-207X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (492582254)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (492582254)
Daimler und Benz Stiftung (32-01/22)
Article History
Received: 7 July 2025
Revised: 30 January 2026
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Competing interests
: CMF receives royalties for books on ASD, ADHD and MDD. She has served as consultant for the German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen, IQWiG) and the companies IGES and Infectopharm during the last 3 years. She has received research funding by the German Research Foundation (DFG), the German Ministry of Science and Education and the European Commission. NB receives royalties for lecturing at institutes for training in psychotherapy and receives third-party funding by the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Daimler and Benz Foundation, and the Johanna Quandt Young Academy. CL received funding by the German Research Foundation (DFG). AKM has declared that she has no competing or potential conflicts of interests.
: The experiment was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the ethical committee of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe University Frankfurt (20-1043). Written informed consent and assent was obtained from all participants.