Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2025-00563430)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2025-24873007)
National Research Foundation of Korea (2022R1A4A5033852)
Article History
Received: 22 June 2025
Revised: 23 February 2026
Accepted: 24 March 2026
First Online: 3 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All animal experiments and methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Yonsei University College of Medicine (Approval No. A-2023-0176). As this study involved only animal subjects, requirements for informed consent from human participants and consent for publication of identifiable human images are not applicable.