Zhang, Zihao https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3614-0236
Huang, Pengcheng
Yang, Yirong
Wu, Hailun
Yao, Xuerui
Wang, Yifan
Yi, Hancun
Ning, Kuan
Chen, Yijia
Wu, Yuhe
Chen, Ziyi
Shen, Pingping
Hong, Daojun
Huang, Xia
Zou, Wen-Quan
Article History
Received: 25 September 2025
Revised: 3 February 2026
Accepted: 24 March 2026
First Online: 9 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Southern California and by the institutional review boards of all participating ADNI sites. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their authorized representatives in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.