Zimmermann, Nadja
Liebrand, Matthias
Michel, Chantal
Stüble, Miriam
Klaassen, Arndt-Lukas
Burkhardt, Eva
Wiest, Roland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7030-2045
Kaess, Michael
Kindler, Jochen
Morishima, Yosuke https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9363-697X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (32003B_192623)
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (32003B_192623)
Article History
Received: 15 August 2025
Revised: 13 March 2026
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 10 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki [ ] and approved by the Kantonale Ethikkommision (KEK) Bern (2021-00122) prior to the start. Participants provided their written informed consent. In accordance with the Human Research Act (HRA) [ ] Art. 3k and Art. 23 in Switzerland, participants between the ages 14 to 18 were considered adolescents and signed the consent form themselves.