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Authors
Keady, Jack
Charnigo, Richard
Shaykin, Jakob D.
Prantzalos, Emily R.
Xia, Mengfan
Denehy, Emily
Bumgardner, Cody
Miller, Justin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5309-1570
Ortinski, Pavel
Bardo, Michael T.
Turner, Jill R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7258-1639
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA053070)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (U01 DA051377)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32 DA035200)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (F31DA057812)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA053070)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA053070)
American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education (Pre-Doctoral Fellowship)
American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education (Pre-Doctoral Fellowship Regional Award)
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Article History
Received: 13 May 2025
Revised: 12 March 2026
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 22 April 2026
Competing interests
: All authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.
: All experimental procedures were followed in accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (8th edition, 2011) and approved by the University of Kentucky Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol # 20221-3779).
