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Authors
Butler, Matt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9734-6539
Moore, Ellen https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5321-0575
Rucker, James J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-8088
Lynch-Kelly, Katharine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1920-3986
Hafeez, Danish https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3712-136X
Prideaux, Ed
Nicholson, Timothy R.
Edwards, Mark
Pollak, Thomas A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6171-0810
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (227515/Z/23/Z)
DH | National Institute for Health Research (CS- 2017-17-007)
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Article History
Received: 1 July 2025
Revised: 16 March 2026
Accepted: 9 April 2026
First Online: 24 April 2026
Competing interests
: MB has received royalty fees from Taylor and Francis for a textbook on functional neurological disorder, has received teaching fees from Infomed, and has worked as a medic on psychopharmacology trials sponsored by Compass Pathways, Beckley PsyTech, Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, and Janssen. JR has undertaken paid advisory boards for Clerkenwell Health (Past), Beckley PsyTech (Past), Delica Therapeutics (Past), and paid articles for Janssen. JR has received assistance for attendance at conferences from Compass Pathways (past) and Janssen. JR has been awarded grant funding (received and managed by King’s College London) from Compass Pathways, Beckley PsyTech, Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, Transcend Therapeutics, National Institute for Health Research, Wellcome Trust, Biomedical Research Centre at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. TAP has received consultancy fees from Arialys Therapeutics.
: This study used de-identified aggregate information via the TriNetX platform, which does not require additional informed consent.
