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Multimodal phenotypic classification of generalized anxiety and panic using structural MRI data and psychosocial factors: machine learning results from the German National Cohort (NAKO) study

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-026-04131-1

Published Online: 2026-05-28

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Gutzeit, Julian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-1645
Weiß, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0569-0907
Kuhn, Tierney

Klinger-König, Johanna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2287-7914
Streit, Fabian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1080-4339
Jockwitz, Christiane

Brandes, Berit https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9313-6593
Wright, Marvin N.

Friedrich, Christoph M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7906-0038
Woeckel, Margarethe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0219-8906
Mikolajczyk, Rafael

Keil, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9108-3360
Castell, Stefanie

Betker, Philine https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5534-0010
Schlett, Christopher L.

Bärnighausen, Till W.

Bamberg, Fabian

Günther, Matthias

Hirsch, Jochen G.

Pischon, Tobias https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1568-767X
Niendorf, Thoralf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7584-6527
Leitzmann, Michael F.

Bohmann, Patricia

Wirkner, Kerstin

Krist, Lilian

Wang, Yanding

Berger, Klaus

Walther, Sebastian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4026-3561
Grabe, Hans J.

Deckert, Jürgen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1008-4650
Caspers, Svenja

Hein, Grit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5696-6486
Erhardt-Lehmann, Angelika
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Siemens Healthineers

Servier
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-05-28

Version of Record valid from 2026-05-28
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Article History

Received: 2 October 2025

Revised: 17 April 2026

Accepted: 19 May 2026

First Online: 28 May 2026

Competing interests

: J. Gutzeit, M. Weiß, T. Kuhn, J. Deckert, G. Hein, A. Erhardt-Lehmann, L. Krist, C. Jockwitz, B. Brandes, M.N. Wright, C.M. Friedrich, M. Woeckel, R. Mikolajczyk, T. Keil, S. Castell, P. Betker, K. Berger, S. Caspers, M.F. Leitzmann, P. Bohmann, K. Wirkner, Y. Wang, J. Klinger-König, and J. G. Hirsch declare that they have no conflicts of interest. H. J. Grabe has received travel grants and speaker honoraria from Neuraxpharm, Servier, Idorsia, and Janssen Cilagt. F. Bamberg: Speaker Bureau and unrestricted research grants Siemens Healthineers. C. L. Schlett: Speaker Bureau Siemens Healthineers and Bayer Healthcare; Research Grants Siemens Healthineers. S. Walther received honoraria from Mepha and Neurolite unrelated to this work.

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