Surgent, Olivia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-1160
Naigles, Letitia
Dakopolos, Andrew
Sierakowski, Val K.
Andrews, Derek S.
Lee, Joshua K.
Heath, Brianna
Rogers, Sally J.
Amaral, David G.
Solomon, Marjorie
Nordahl, Christine Wu
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH073124)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH127046)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH128814)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH128814)
Article History
Received: 19 September 2025
Revised: 7 May 2026
Accepted: 3 June 2026
First Online: 19 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
: All aspects of the study protocol were approved by the University of California Davis Institutional Review Board. Informed consent was obtained from the parent or guardian at both timepoints.