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Authors
Gao, Tian-long https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9909-7036
Geng, Shan
Chen, Jia
Yang, Liu
Nie, Yun-juan
Yu, Haitao
Chai, Gao-shang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-3717
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Article History
Received: 2 January 2026
Revised: 19 May 2026
Accepted: 12 June 2026
First Online: 23 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The present MR study only utilized publicly available or published summary-level data derived from GWASs, which did not involve individual data from participants. Therefore, it’s unnecessary to present separate ethics approval. The ethical approvals involved in the samples associated with the summary GWAS database are available in the relevant original studies.
: All authors were informed and consented to publication.
