Franck, Luisa
Valek, Lucie
Hahnefeld, Lisa
Trautmann, Sandra
Angioni, Carlo
Weyer, Marc-Philipp
Thomas, Dominique
Gurke, Robert
Wittig, Ilka
Geisslinger, Gerd
Tegeder, Irmgard
Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Mouse behavioural studies were approved by the local Ethics Committee for animal research (Darmstadt, Germany) under FK1026, FK1059, and FK1096. The maintenance of the breeding colony of Pink1 −/− SNCA A53T mice and observation up to onset of PD symptoms were approved under FK1032 (12.02.205-11.02.2020) and FK1131 (17.02.2020-31.12.2023). For primary cultures and tissue analyses of wild type mice, tissue was obtained after euthanization according to $4 of the German Tierschutzgesetz in compliance with the ARRIVE principles [ ], and with European guidelines and GV-SOLAS recommendations for animal welfare in science.