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Authors
Elaziz, Bardis Salah Abd https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4616-4617
Hamdy, Dina
Galal, Mona
Khattab, Nagwa Mohammed Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6327-7910
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ain Shams University
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Article History
Received: 9 April 2025
Revised: 17 June 2025
Accepted: 18 June 2025
First Online: 27 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests. The study protocol was reviewed by the Research Ethics Committee and Institutional Review Board, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, with reference number (FDASU-Rec ID 032107). Both verbal and written consent were obtained from the participants’ caregiver following an explanation of the study’s aims and a guarantee of complete data confidentiality. All caregivers and subjects were apprised of their ability to quit from the study at any time. Additionally, subjects were requested to fill out an assent form after receiving an appropriate age-specific description of the study methodology and objectives.
