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Article History

Received: 30 November 2024

Revised: 20 February 2025

Accepted: 17 March 2025

First Online: 3 April 2025

Competing interests

: CRT reports research funding from Janssen and Takeda, personal fees from MJH Life Sciences, and has received honoraria for consultancy/participated in the advisory boards for Janssen and Sanofi. RK reports research funding from Pfizer and GSK, consultancy for Roche and GSK, and has received honoraria from J&J, AbbVie, BMS, Pfizer, and GSK. EK has received honoraria from Janssen/J&J, GSK, Sanofi, and Pfizer and reports institutional research funding from Janssen/J&J, GSK, and Pfizer. JM-L reports research funding from Janssen, Pfizer, Incity, consultancy for Amgen, Janssen, BMS, Pfizer, Kite, Roche, and has received honoraria from Amgen, Janssen, BMS, Pfizer, Kite, Roche. RB reports travel support from Kite Pharma. SB reports honoraria from Sanofi, Sobi, Ascentage Pharma and institutional research funding from AbbVie, C4 therapeutics, Carsgen, Takeda, and Johnson & Johnson. RP reports research funding from GSK and Bristol-Myers Squibb foundation, and consultancy for Astra Zeneca and Sanofi Aventis. SA reports institutional research funding from GSK, BMS, Pharmacyclics, Amgen, Sanofi, Janssen, Cellectar, Xencor, AbbVie, and Ascentage, and consultancy for GSK, Sanofi, BMS, Takeda, Beigene, Regeneron, Pharmacyclics, Amgen, and Janssen. DF has received honoraria from Janssen and Sanofi. MAD has received honoraria from Amgen, Takeda, Janssen-Cilag, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Beigene, and Sanofi, and reports consulting or advisory roles for Amgen, Janssen-Cilag, Takeda, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Beigene, Sanofi. HM reports research funding from Janssen and Pfizer and has received honoraria/participated in advisory boards for Janssen/J&J, GSK, Sanofi, Pfizer, Takeda, and AbbVie. SZU received research funding from Amgen, AbbVie, Array Biopharma, BMS, Celgene, Gilead, GSK, Janssen, Merck, Pharmacyclics, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics, SkylineDX, and Takeda, and is a consultant to AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, EdoPharma, Genentech, Gilead, GSK, Gracell, Janssen, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics, SecuraBio, SkylineDX, Takeda, TeneoBio. TGM reports research funding from Sanofi, Janssen, Amgen, and BMS and is a consultant for GSK, Roche, and Pfizer. YL reports institutional research funding from Janssen and BMS, has participated in advisory boards for Janssen, Sanofi, BMS, Regeneron, Genentech, Tessera, and Legend, has participated in Steering Committees for Janssen and Kite/Gilead, and has participated in scientific advisory boards for NexImmune, Caribou, and has participated in a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Pfizer.

: Individual informed consent was obtained per each participating center’s institutional requirements and guidelines.

: This study received approval from the Institutional Review Boards of the respective participating institutions, including Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center IRB (#24-044). The research was performed in compliance with the terms of the Declaration of Helsinki, and all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.