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Authors
Hsu, Joel-Sean
Yadav, Udit
Garapati, Kishore
Mangalaparthi, Kiran K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5791-727X
Chawla, Yogesh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6679-518X
Wiedmeier-Nutor, J. Erin
Fonseca, Rafael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5938-3769
Bergsagel, P. Leif
Rajkumar, S. Vincent https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-1833
Kumar, Shaji https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5392-9284
Gonsalves, Wilson I.
Pandey, Akhilesh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-6127
Kandasamy, Richard K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0894-1222
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U01CA271410, R01CA254961)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (CA186781, CA254961, U01CA271410)
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Article History
Received: 18 July 2025
Revised: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Competing interests
: RF reports providing consulting services for AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Amgen, Apple, BMS (Celgene), GSK, Janssen, Karyopharm, Pfizer, RA Capital, Regeneron and Sanofi; serving on the scientific advisory board of Caris Life Sciences; serving on the board of directors of Antengene (for profit); and having a patent for fluorescence in situ hybridization in multiple myeloma (∼$2000 per year). SK reports providing consulting services (with no personal payments) for AbbVie, Amgen, ArcellX, Beigene, BMS, Carsgen, GSK, Janssen, K36, Moderna, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche-Genentech, Sanofi, Takeda, and (with personal payments) for CVS Caremark and BD Biosciences; and received clinical trial support to the institution from AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Carsgen, GSK, Gracell Bio, Janssen, Oricell, Roche-Genentech, Sanofi, Takeda, and Telogenomics. The remaining authors declare no competing financial interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. This study received approval from the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board (IRB# 15-005140) in accordance with federal regulations and the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
