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Authors
Li, Shengjie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6443-740X
Li, Danhui
Xia, Zuguang
Wu, Jianing
Ren, Jun
Li, Yingzhu
Cao, Jiazhen
Sun, Ying
Li, Chengxun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7318-8284
Cao, Wenjun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6383-9012
Mao, Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8055-115X
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Article History
Received: 6 August 2025
Revised: 24 October 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: This study was conducted with the approval of the Institutional Review Boards at Huashan Hospital of Fudan University (Approval No. 2022-529), Shanghai Cancer Center of Fudan University (Approval No. 1612167-18), and Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Approval No. LY2024-112-C). All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the clinical study and before the collection of tumor tissues. The research was carried out in strict adherence to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and conformed to international norms of good clinical practice.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
