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Article History

Received: 19 September 2025

Revised: 12 January 2026

Accepted: 25 February 2026

First Online: 27 March 2026

Competing interests

: AML has received grant funding to the institution from Pfizer, Genentech, and Janssen, received grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Pfizer; consulting fees from Janssen, Genentech, and Arcellx; and has a patent US20150037346A1, with royalties paid. JRH reports research funding from Adaptive Biotechnologies, BioLinRx, Gamida-Cell, Sanofi, GlaxoSmithKline, Regeneron, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Takeda Oncology. JMA reports involvement in patient advocacy committee: Pfizer, BMS, Janssen, Takeda Oncology, and Sanofi. TB is the chief executive officer at NutritionQuest. SZU reports grants and personal fees from AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Merck, MundiPharma, Oncopeptides, Pharmacyclics, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics, SkylineDX, and Takeda. UAS reports grants from NIH/NCI Cancer Center Support Grant (P30CA008748), American Society of Hematology, Blood Cancer United, Gabrielle’s Angel Foundation, Paula and Rodger Riney Foundation, Willow Foundation, and HealthTree Foundation during the conduct of the study as well as grants from Bristol Myers Squibb and Janssen, personal fees from Sanofi, Janssen and i3 Health, and nonfinancial support from Sabinsa and M&M Labs outside the submitted work. KT, FC, AD, EG, ES, AT, JAHM, AMSSA, PAFP, and CAT declare that they have no competing interests.