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Authors
Sandmann, Sarah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5011-0641
te Vrugt, Marcel
Randau, Gerrit
Beder, Thomas https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2278-5054
Neumann, Martin
Lange, Toni https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0939-8062
Alfert, Amelie
Mueller, Stephanie
Hotfilder, Marc
Rossi, Corinne
Eckert, Cornelia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-2872
Moericke, Anja
Horns, Johanna Maria
Zimmermann, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0365-3512
Varghese, Julian
Brüggemann, Monika
Burkhardt, Birgit https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-829X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung (DKS 2014.11)
Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung (DKS 2016.24)
Deutsche Krebshilfe (70112964 LBL 2018 trial)
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Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Revised: 26 February 2026
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The ethical approval for adults was granted under the reference number D 466/21 on March 31, 2021, by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty at Christian-Albrechts-University (CAU) Kiel. The LBL Registry was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at Justus Liebig University Giessen under the reference number 100/02. The NHL-BFM Registry 2012 received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Medical Association of Westphalia-Lippe and the University of Münster, with the reference number 2012-206-f-S. Similarly, the trial LBL 2018 was approved by the same ethics committee under the reference number 2019-037-f-A. The AIEOP-BFM ALL 2009 study was reviewed by the Ethics Committee of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
