Gustine, Joshua N. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8300-1266
Attar, Narsis
Puliafito, Benjamin R.
Cirstea, Diana D.
Branagan, Andrew R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3868-9267
Yee, Andrew J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3623-7491
Raje, Noopur S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3066-1275
Article History
Received: 19 October 2025
Revised: 8 March 2026
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 22 April 2026
Competing interests
: AJY has been a consultant for AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson (Janssen), Karyopharm, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Prothena, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sebia, Takeda, and has received research funding to the institution from Amgen, BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson (Janssen), and Sanofi. NSR has been a consultant for AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Janssen, Pfizer, Immuneel, GSK, K36 Therapeutics, Sanofi, Roche, Caribou Biosciences, Kelonia Therapeutics, and AstraZeneca, and has received research funding to the institution from Pfizer. The remaining authors have no competing interests to disclose.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Massachusetts General Hospital (15-190). All methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the relevant guidelines, and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants in this analysis.