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Article History

Received: 23 March 2026

Revised: 21 May 2026

Accepted: 17 June 2026

First Online: 24 June 2026

Competing interests

: NWCJvdD has received research support from Janssen Pharmaceuticals, AMGEN, Celgene, CellCentric, Novartis, Cellectis and BMS, and serves in advisory boards for Janssen Pharmaceuticals, AMGEN, Celgene, BMS, Sanofi, Takeda, Roche, Novartis, Bayer, Adaptive, Galapagos, Kite Pharma, Merck, Pfizer, AbbVie, and Servier, all paid to institution; FS has received research support from Celgene, Janssen, Oncopeptides, Sanofi, GSK, and Targovax, and received honoraria from Amgen, BMS, Takeda, Abbvie, Janssen, Novartis, SkyliteDX, Oncopeptides, Sanofi, Pfizer, Daiki-Sankyo, GSK, and participated on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Abbvie, GSK, Celgene, Takeda, Janssen, Oncopeptides, Sanofi, BMS; BvdH has received honoraria for data safety monitoring board membership from Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome (IFM) and Heidelberg University Hospital; MCM has received research support from Beigene, has a consultancy or advisory role for Janssen, GSK, and CDR-life, and receives honoraria from BMS, Pfizer, Janssen, and Medscape, and serves on a data safety monitoring board for BMS; all paid to employer; KLW has served in advisory boards for Janssen and Pfizer; AB received honoraria and served in advisory boards from BMS, Janssen, Amgen, and Sanofi; WWHR received honoraria from Amgen and SANOFI, all paid to employer, and received support for travel from Takeda and Abbvie, and participated in advisory boards for BMS/Celgene, Janssen, all paid to employer; AG none; GP none; LP none; VHJvdV reports a Laboratory Services Agreement with BD Biosciences, Cytognos and Agilent; all paid to employer; TL has received research grants from Takeda, AMGEN, and Janssen, and has received honoraria from AMGEN, Janssen, BMS, and Pfizer, and has received traveling support from Pfizer and Janssen, and has received equipment from Takeda and Pfizer; MO has received honoraria and served in advisory board for AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, GSK, Janssen, Sanofi, and Takeda; SB has received honoraria from Amgen, Celgene/Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Sanofi, and Abbvie, serves in scientific advisory boards for Celgene/Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Takeda, Pfizer, GSK, Stemline Therapeutics, and Oncopeptides; and has a consultancy role for Sanofi; LG none; WR none; PT has received honoraria from Janssen, BMS/Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Takeda, Amgen, Sanofi, Pfizer, AbbVie, and received support for traveling from Janssen, BMS/Celgene, Sanofi and AMGEN; K.M. has received honoraria from Sanofi, Amgen, Janssen, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Bristol Myers Squibb and Oncopeptides; TS none; JC has received research funding from Janssen, and received honoraria from AMGEN and Janssen, and has received support for travel from GILEAD; SZ has received research funding from Takeda and Janssen, and serves in advisory boards for Janssen, Takeda, and BMS, all paid to institution; RH has received research funding from Janssen, AMGEN, Celgene/BMS, Novartis, and Takeda, all paid to employer; and has received consulting fees from Janssen, AMGEN, Celgene, Abbvie, BMS, Novartis, Pharmamar, and Takeda; and has received honoraria from Janssen, AMGEN, Celgene, BMS, Pharmamar, and Takeda; and has received support for attending meetings from AMGEN, Celgene, Takeda, and Janssen; and has participated on advisory boards from BMS, Takeda, AMGEN, Oncopeptides, Sanofi, Janssen, and GSK; RB has received an educational grant from BMS/Celgene; A.J.V. has received honoraria from BMS; MB has received research funding from Sanofi, Celgene, Amgen, Janssen, Novartis, BMS, and Mundipharma, and honoraria from Sanofi, Celgene, Amgen, Janssen, Novartis, BMS, and Abbvie, and served in advisory boards for Janssen; FG has received honoraria from Amgen, Celgene, Janssen, Takeda, Bristol Myers Squibb, AbbVie, GlaxoSmithKline, and participates on data safety monitoring board or advisory board of Amgen, Celgene, Janssen, Takeda, Bristol Myers Squibb, AbbVie, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Oncopeptides, bluebird bio, and Pfizer; PS serves in advisory boards from Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Karyopharm, and Pfizer, and receives research funding from Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Karyopharm, and Pfizer; PM has received honoraria from and/or served on advisory boards for Abbvie, Alexion, Amgen, Astellas, Astra-Zeneca, Bei-Gene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daichi-Sankyo, Eli-Lilly, Gilead, Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Grifols, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, Jazz, Kyowa Kirin, Menarini-Stemline, Otsuka, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Servier, Sobi, and Takeda.