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Authors
Afrough, Aimaz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2645-8557
Pasvolsky, Oren https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9193-0059
Portuguese, Andrew J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1010-4578
Zanwar, Saurabh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-8453
Gaballa, Mahmoud R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3928-6590
Sannareddy, Aishwarya
Dima, Danai
Goel, Utkarsh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1663-0325
Ali, Hossam M.
Julian, Kelley https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2111-2461
De Menezes Silva Corraes, Andre
Janakiram, Murali
Goldsmith, Scott
Davis, James A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7978-1652
Green, Kimberly
Biran, Noa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0693-4202
Fogel, Lindsay https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3678-2805
Zolotov, Eli
Herr, Megan M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5768-9396
Hassan, Hamza https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1775-2703
Shune, Leyla
Kort, Jeries https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9182-3931
Ye, Christina
Bal, Susan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-8919
Costa, Luciano J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5362-2469
Joiner, Laura
AL Hadidi, Samer https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4297-8042
Khan, Adeel M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-6316
Raza, Shahzad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2739-2265
Anwer, Faiz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6914-7439
Khouri, Jack https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2473-6528
Banerjee, Rahul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3781-5441
Cassano Cassano, Raffaela
Sidana, Surbhi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3288-7614
Rana, Masooma Shifa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-085X
Mikkilineni, Lekha
Hosoya, Hitomi
Atrash, Shebli https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-7534
Ferreri, Christopher https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2997-4856
Varga, Cindy https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8066-6781
Sborov, Douglas W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4268-2698
Midha, Shonali https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4948-5507
Nadeem, Omar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-4277
Grajales-Cruz, Ariel
Baz, Rachid
Blue, Brandon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0639-3768
Freeman, Ciara
Locke, Frederick L.
Patel, Krina K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8894-027X
Lin, Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1556-6416
Kumar, Shaji K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5392-9284
Hansen, Doris K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9813-3578
Anderson Jr, Larry D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6531-9595
Voorhees, Peter M.
Castaneda-Puglianini, Omar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0423-5870
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Article History
Received: 15 April 2026
Revised: 12 June 2026
Accepted: 23 June 2026
First Online: 27 July 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: AA reports Advisory role for Karyopharm, BMS, Sanofi, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, and research funding from Abbvi, Adaptive Biotech, K36-therapeutics, Johnson & Johnson, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. DD reports Advisory role for Karyopharm, Caribou Biosciences, Legend Biotech, KITE, Pfizer. CV reports honorarium from Sanofi, Johnson & Johnson, and research funding from K36-therapeutics, Johnson & Johnson, Kite/Arcellx. CJF reports consulting: Johnson & Johnson; Research: Johnson & Johnson, Regeneron; ownership of publicly traded stock: Affimed. RB reports consulting: Adaptive Biotech, Arcellx, BMS, Caribou Biosciences, Genentech, Gilead, Johnson & Johnson, Karyopharm, Legend Biotech, Pfizer, Sanofi, SparkCures; Research: Abbvie, BMS, Gilead, Johnson & Johnson, Karyopharm, Novartis, Pack Health, Prothena, Sanofi. RB reports research funding to his institution from BMS, Janssen, Karyopharm, Regeneron, and abbvie as well as consulting from Janssen, Sanofi. JK reports consulting: GPCR, Johnson & Johnson, Prothena, Legend Biotech, Kite, Sanofi, Pfizer; research: Prothena, Ascentage, Johnson & Johnson, Karyopharm, GPCR. SG reports honoraria from BMS, Johnson & Johnson. JAD reports consultancy for BMS, Johnson & Johnson; speaker’s bureau for GSK, Johnson & Johnson. MRG advisory board to BMS and Arcellx. FA reports advisor role and speaker for BMS, Celgene, Caribou Biosciences; research funding from Allogene Therapeutic, Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Caribou Biosciences. LS reports consulting for Johnson & Johnson, BMS, Novartis. AG-C reports advisory board for Sanofi, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Regeneron, BMS, Cellectar, Kite, GSK. Speaker bureau for Sanofi, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Amgen, GSK, Regeneron. AJP reports consulting from Karyopharm, Capvision. HH reports consulting for Johnson & Johnson; speaker bureaus for Johnson & Johnson, Karyopharm. LM reports advisory board with Legend Biotech and BioLineRx. OCP reports consulting from Legend Biotech Inc, BMS, and Johnson & Johnson. SR reports advisory board from Pfizer, Prothena Biosciences, and kite, and research from Nexcella Inc, Poseida and Johnson & Johnson. SH reports receiving consulting fees from Johnson & Johnson and Sanofi. YL reports consulting from Johnson & Johnson, Legend, Celgene, Sanofi, BMS, Pfizer, Regeneron, Genentech, NexImmune, Caribou; research funding from Johnson & Johnson, Celgene, BMS. SA reports research funding: GSK, Amgen, Karyopharm; honoraria: Johnson & Johnson, and consultancy with Pfizer, Sanofi. DS reports consulting from Sanofi, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, BMS, GlaxoSmithKline, Legend Biotech, Bioline, AstraZeneca, Arcellx, Abbvie, Genentech, Opna Bio, and research from Pfizer. PMV reports consultancy for Abbvie, AstraZeneca; BMS, Karyopharm, Lava Therapeutics, Sanofi; Regeneron, Johnson & Johnson, GSK; research funding: Abbvie, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Regeneron. FLL reports Scientific Advisory Role/Consulting Fees: A2, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Adaptimmune, Allogene, Amgen, Astra-Zeneca, Bluebird Bio, BMS, Calibr, Caribou, EcoR1, Gerson Lehrman Group (GLG), Iovance, Kite Pharma, Janssen, Legend Biotech, Miltenyi, Novartis, Sana, Pfizer, Poseida. Data Safety Monitoring Board: Data and Safety Monitoring Board for the NCI Safety Oversight CAR T-cell Therapies Committee. Research Contracts or Grants to my Institution for Service: 2SeventyBio (Institutional), Allogene (Institutional), BMS (Institutional), Incyte (Institutional), Kite Pharma (Institutional), Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Scholar in Clinical Research (PI: Locke), Mark Foundation, National Cancer Institute, Patents, Royalties, Other Intellectual Property: Several patents held by the institution in my name (unlicensed) in the field of cellular immunotherapy. Education or Editorial Activity: Aptitude Health, ASH, ASTCT, Clinical Care Options Oncology, Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. SS is supported by Leukemia Lymphoma Society (Blood Cancer United) Scholar in Clinical Research Award 426 (SS, Grant #2353-26), and reports advisory role for Johnson & Johnson, BMS, Legend, Arcellx, Kite, Genentech, Roche, Sanofi, Pfizer, Takeda, Kite, Bioline, AbbVie, Regeneron, Cell Centric and research funding from Janssen, Magenta Therapeutics, Allogene Therapeutics, Novartis, Kite and BMS. KKP reports advisory/Consultancy from Johnson and Johnson, BMS, Legend Bioteh, Pfizer, Takeda, Sanofi, Oricel, Kite, Arcellx, Caribou Sciences, Novartis, Takeda, Regeneron, Poseida, DKH reports research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Karyopharm, Kite Pharma, and Adaptive Biotech; Consulting or advisory role for Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Legend Biotech, Pfizer, Kite Pharma/Gilead Sciences, AstraZeneca, and Karyopharm and supported by the NCI (R01CA281756-01A1) and the Pentecost Family Myeloma Research Center. LJC reports Honoraria from Amgen, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, AbbVie, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Sanofi, Genentech/Roche), and Research Funding from Amgen, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Johnson & Johnson, AbbVie, Caribou, Gracell, Genentech/Roche. LDA reports consulting: Johnson & Johnson, Celgene, BMS, Amgen, GSK, AbbVie, Beigene, Cellectar, Sanofi, Prothena, Pfizer, Karyopharm, Arcellx. Research: BMS, Celgene, Johnson & Johnson, Abbvie. The rest of the authors have no conflicts of interest.
Ethics approval: This multi-center study was approved by the respective institutions’ Institutional Review Board.
