Shahzad, Moazzam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9609-6160
Mohsin, Aleenah
Khamees, Ibrahim
Rehman, Aqeeb Ur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3795-8998
Amin, Muhammad Kashif https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-7339
Chaudhary, Sibgha Gull
Anwer, Iqra
Pfannenstiel, Kayla
Abdallah, Al-Ola https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-185X
Hamadani, Mehdi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-510X
Mcguirk, Joseph P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0539-4796
Mushtaq, Muhammad Umair https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8122-0563
Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Revised: 13 June 2025
Accepted: 9 July 2025
First Online: 17 July 2025
Competing interests
: No relevant conflicts of interest. MH has consultancy roles in Incyte Corporation, ADC Therapeutics, Pharmacyclics, Omeros, Genmab, Morphosys, Kadmon, Kite, Novartis, Abbvie, Legend, Gamida Cell, SeaGen, Autolus, Byondis, and Forte Biosciences Inc., and is on the speaker’s bureau for Sanofi Genzyme, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, and ADC Therapeutics. JPM has consulting and advisory roles in Bristol Myers Squibb, Kite, Novartis, AlloVir, Envision, Autolus, Nektar Therapeutics, CRISPR therapeutics, Caribou Bio, Sana Technologies, Legend Biotech, and Cargo Therapeutics. MUM has research funding from Iovance Biotherapeutics. The remaining authors declare no other commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.