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Authors
Wu, James Fan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7447-6173
Estrada-Merly, Noel
Zhou, Yuhong
Canales, Bethany
Yen, Tina W. F.
D’Souza, Anita https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1092-5643
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin Endowment Collaborative for Healthcare Delivery Science grant
American Society of Hematology (Hematology Opportunities for the Next Generation of Research Scientists (HONORS) Award)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R38HL167238)
Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center Geospatial, Epidemiology and Outcomes Shared Resource
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Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Revised: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 3 October 2025
First Online: 13 October 2025
Competing interests
: JFW, NS, YZ, BC, and TWFY declare no conflicts of interest. AD reports clinical trial funding to institution - Abbvie, Alexion, Prothena, Janssen, Novartis, and Regeneron; IRC, DMC, or Steering Committee role with Abbvie, BMS, Janssen, and Prothena; Advisory Board role with Abbvie, BMS, Janssen, Prothena, and Pfizer.
: Approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of the Medical College of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Division of Public Health Data Governance Board. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. A limited data set was utilized from the WI Cancer Reporting System where the only HIPAA identifiers utilized are dates or certain allowable geographic subdivisions. Thus, informed consent was not applicable for this study.
