Al-Ali, Rasha W.
Gui, Gege
Ravindra, Niveditha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2550-493X
Andrew, Georgia
Mukherjee, Devdeep
Wong, Zoë C.
Huang, Ying
Gerhold, Jason
Holman, Matt
Jacobsen, Austin
D’Angelo, Julian
Miller, Jeffrey
Elias, Karina
Auletta, Jeffery J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1515-2141
El Chaer, Firas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-0714
Devine, Steven M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7731-759X
Jimenez, Antonio Martin Jimenez https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2817-6836
De Lima, Marcos J. G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8568-4522
Litzow, Mark R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-6302
Kebriaei, Partow https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-9404
Saber, Wael
Spellman, Stephen R.
Zeger, Scott L.
Page, Kristin M.
Radich, Jerald P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1618-230X
Lindsley, R. Coleman
Dillon, Laura W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4877-9354
Hourigan, Christopher S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6189-8067
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1-ZIA-HL006163)
Article History
Received: 7 August 2025
Revised: 26 September 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Competing interests
: Andrew: Employee of Astra Zeneca. Auletta: Advisory board for Takeda and AscellaHealth. De Lima: Advisory board for Pfizer and Bristol Myers Squibb. Data safety monitoring board for Novartis and AbbVie. Research funding from Miltenyi Biotec. El Chaer: Consultant for SPD Oncology, Amgen, CTI BioPharma, AbbVie, Association of Community Cancer Centers. Clinical Trial Grant Support (PI) to the University of Virginia from Amgen, BMS, Celgene, SPD Oncology, Sanofi, Bristol Myers Squibb, FibroGen, PharmaEssentia, BioSight, MEI Pharma, Novartis, Arog pharmaceuticals. Travel grant from DAVA Oncology. Gerhold, Huang: Employee of Invivoscribe Inc., equity holder and holder of stock options. Holman, Jacobsen, D’Angelo, Elias: Employee of Invivoscribe, Inc. and holder of stock options. Hourigan: Research Support: Foundation of the NIH Biomarkers Consortium, Illumina. Consulting/Advisory Boards: Astellas, Janssen. Jimenez Jimenez: Research funding from AbbVie. Kebriaei: Consultancy and Honoraria from Pfiizer and Jazz Pharmaceuticals. Lindsley: Research funding from Jazz Pharmaceuticals; consultancy for Qiagen, bluebird bio, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Verve Therapeutics, Geron Corporation, Takeda Pharmaceuticals. Litzow: Research funding from AbbVie, Actinium, Amgen, Astellas, Pluristem, Sanofi; Speaker’s Bureau for Amgen, BeiGene; Data Safety Monitoring Committee member for Biosight. Miller: Employee of Invivoscribe, Inc., equity holder, and holder of stock options. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
: All patients gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki for participation in the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) research database (NCT01166009) and the sample repository database (NCT04920474). Research was performed in compliance with all applicable federal regulations pertaining to the protection of human research participants and with approval of the CIBMTR Observational Research Group.