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Authors
Wethmar, Klaus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1899-3261
Edinger, Matthias
Schäfer-Eckart, Kerstin
Stelljes, Matthias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9331-5145
Schroeder, Thomas
Sohlbach, Kristina
Arnold, Renate
Stadler, Michael
Bug, Gesine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2359-131X
Bornhäuser, Martin
Wulf, Gerald
Bethge, Wolfgang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6052-2618
Jost, Edgar
Teschner, Daniel
Kobbe, Guido https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9745-8813
Brüggemann, Monika https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5514-5010
Reiser, Lena
Hoelzer, Dieter
Gökbuget, Nicola
Schönland, Stefan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4853-5579
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Germany
Renate Arnold
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Article History
Received: 1 June 2025
Revised: 1 November 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 6 December 2025
Competing interests
: KW received honoraria for invited presentations and advisory boards from Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Merck, MSD, Pfizer, Pierre-Fabre, and Takeda. DT has received research grants from Gilead, honoraria from and served as a consultant for AbbVie, BioNTech, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, iQone, Jazz, Mikrogen, MSD, Noscendo, Octapharma, Pfizer, Tillotts, and Takeda, honoraria from AstraZeneca, F2G, Janssen, Novartis, and Sanofi, and travel grants from AbbVie, Astellas, Celgene, Gilead, Jazz, Medac, MSD, and Tillotts. MBo received honoraria for presentations and advisory boards from Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Actitrexx and MSD. MBr received honoraria for invited presentations and advisory boards from Amgen, Celgene, HelloHealthcare, Incyte, Janssen and Pfizer and institutional research support from Amgen and Autolus. NG received honoraria for invited presentations and advisory boards as well as institutional research support from Pfizer, Amgen, Novartis and Gilead Sciences. All other authors have declared that they have no potential conflicts of interest.
: All protocols were approved by local and national authorities and were in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The study protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, and the Medical Association of Hesse, Frankfurt, Germany (File numbers 30/03 for NCT00198991, 171/99 for NCT00199056, and 69/09 for NCT02872987). Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee-approved written informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to enrollment.
