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Authors
Chang, Yu-Sung https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4571-3328
Hsieh, Wan-Chen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5890-2248
Chang, Hsueh-Mei
Ko, Bor-Sheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-7579
Yao, Ming
Hsiao, Liang-Tsai
Hsieh, Ching-Yun
Ma, Ming-Chun
Lin, Tung-Liang
Hsu, Ya-Ting
Tan, Tran-Der
Wu, Yi-Ying
Liu, Yi-Chang
Chuang, Po-Ya
Hong, Ying-Chung
Chen, Yi-Yang
Li, Chi-Cheng
Huang, Tai-Chung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1625-7295
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Article History
Received: 11 June 2025
Revised: 2 November 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the National Taiwan University Hospital, and data were collected in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. (Approval number: 202005129RINC and 201810058RIND). Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: No identifiable images or personal data of individual participants are included in this manuscript. Therefore, written informed consent for publication of images was not required.
