Li, Xingying https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5178-3709
Zhang, Wenjuan
Zhou, Jian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8290-3104
Shen, Lijing
Cai, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-2616
Yang, Jun
Huang, Chongmei
Xu, Xiaowei
Qiu, Huiying
Niu, Jiahua
Zhou, Kun
Zhang, Ying
Xia, Xinxin
Wei, Yu
Shen, Chang
Tong, Yin
Dong, Baoxia
Wan, Liping
Zhang, Hao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0319-9724
Song, Xianmin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-5324
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Shen Kang Hospital Development Center (SHDC2020CR1012B)
Article History
Received: 15 October 2025
Revised: 12 March 2026
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 5 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the coordinating institution of Shanghai General Hospital (Code: 2022KY023). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. This study does not involve identifiable human images.