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Authors
Cheng, Jiaojiao
Du, Juan
Gu, Muqing
Ruan, Xiangyan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-247X
Jin, Fengyu
Jin, Jing
Wang, Zecheng
Wu, Yurui
Zhou, Qin
Li, Yanqiu
Li, Yanglu
Jiang, Lingling
Zhang, Mingzhen
Liu, Anming
Wang, Yuejiao
Mueck, Alfred O.
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Article History
Received: 28 November 2025
Revised: 7 May 2026
Accepted: 29 May 2026
First Online: 18 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Ethics approval for these trials was obtained from the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University Ethics Committee (2020-KY-007-01). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal guardians. For minor patients, consent was obtained from parents or guardians, and age-appropriate assent was also sought from the children themselves. The confidentiality and anonymity of all patient data have been strictly protected.
