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Article History

Received: 8 March 2026

Accepted: 18 June 2026

First Online: 9 July 2026

Competing interests

: P Dreger: consultancy for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Beigene, BMS, Gilead, Miltenyi (all to institution); speaker honoraria from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, BMS, Gilead, Riemser, Roche (all to institution); meeting attendance support from Beigene and Gilead; Participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Novartis. He is the current chairman of the German Working Group for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (DAG-HSZT). G Iacoboni—Consulting: Autolus, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Kite/Gilead, Janssen, Miltenyi, AbbVie, MSD, Regeneron. Honoraria: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BMS, Kite/Gilead, Miltenyi, Sobi, Roche, Lilly. Travel support: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Kite/Gilead, Miltenyi, Roche. A Bazarbachi: Research support/Funding: Novartis, Roche, Johnson and Johnson, Hikma and Biologix. S Dietrich: Roche: Advisory board; Kite/Gilead: Advisory board. TA Eyre: Roche: Honorarium, Advisory Board Honorarium, Trial steering committee; Gilead: Honorarium, Research support, Travel to scientific conferences; Kite/Gilead: Advisory Board Honorarium; Janssen: Honorarium; AbbVie: Honorarium; Travel to scientific conferences; AstraZeneca: Honorarium, Research funding, Trial steering committee; Loxo Oncology: Advisory Board Honorarium, Trial steering committee; Beigene: Advisory Board Honorarium, Research funding; Incyte: Advisory Board Honorarium, Speaker Honorarium; Autolus: Advisory Board Honorarium; Galapagos: Advisory Board Honorarium; Nurix: Advisory Board Honorarium; BMS: Honorarium, Advisory Board Honorarium, Trial steering committee; Medscape, PeerView, Clinical Care Options, The Limbic Speaker Honorarium. S Ahmed: Research support to the institution for clinical trials from Nektar, Merck, Xencor, Chimagen, Genmab, KITE/Gilead, Janssen and Caribou. Consultant for ADC Therapeutics, KITE/Gilead, Genmab and BMS. T Fenske: Consulting/Advisory: AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Ipsen, Pierre Fabre; Speaker’s Bureau: Astrazenca, BeOne (formerly Beigene), Pfizer; Expert witness: Bayer. N Ghosh: Consulting/Advisory: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Beigene, BMS, Kite Pharma, Genentech/Roche, Incyte, Janssen, ADC Therapeutics, Galapagos, Ascentage Pharma. Research funding: Genentech/Roche, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Pepromene, Incyte, BMS. M Hamadani: Research Support/Funding: ADC Therapeutics; Spectrum Pharmaceuticals; Astellas Pharma. Consultancy: ADC Therapeutics, BMS, Kite, Genmab, CRISPR, Allovir, Caribou, Autolus, Forte Biosciences, Byondis, Daiichi Sankyo, Incyte. Speaker’s Bureau: AstraZeneca, ADC Therapeutics, BeiGene, Kite, Sobi. I Yakoub-Agha: received honoraria from BMS and Kite/Gilead. O Hermine: Research support BMS, Blueprint, Consultant AB Science, Inatherys. KiTE/Gilead, AstraZeneca. F Onida, I Ortega-Sanchez, S Robinson and A Ruggeri declare no conflicts of interest.

: This manuscript was written by a human without the use of generative AI.