Al-Hammadi, Zinab
Ravaghi, Vahid
Hill, Kirsty
Morris, Alexander J.
Article History
Received: 18 December 2022
Revised: 6 May 2023
Accepted: 15 May 2023
First Online: 18 September 2023
Ethics declaration
: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.
: This project involved analysis of service data supplied by NHS BSA and no data on individuals were provided. We have used the online NHS ethical approval tool for this study and the result indicted no need for NHS REC review. As such, ethical approval was not required.
: Dental data were supplied by NHSBSA and the IMD data from the publicly available source at (ExternalRef removed) and can be made available upon request.